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Solutions for History & Civics, Class 10, ICSE
530+20
Reason — In the Rajya Sabha, 238 members are elected by the States in the Union while 12 members are nominated by the President. In the Lok Sabha, not more than 530 members shall represent the States and not more than 20 members shall represent the Union Territories.
The house has 550 members. On a particular day, 45 members are present. The Government wants to present a Bill. What do you think will happen?
The Government is unable to introduce the Bill because the Speaker adjourns the House.
Reason — The quorum for the House is one-tenth of its total membership, i.e., at least 55 members should be present. But in the given case, the quorum requirement is not met so the House cannot conduct its proceedings and pass bills. So, the Speaker will adjourn the House until there is a requisite quorum.
31st July 2023, ANI reported:
Government to introduce Delhi Services Ordinance Bill in Lok Sabha tomorrow
Why should the Government introduce an ordinance in the Lok Sabha?
Every ordinance needs to be approved by both houses of the Parliament to become law.
Reason — When the Houses reassemble, the Ordinance should be approved by them within six weeks from the date of their reassembly, otherwise it lapses.
P and R
Reason — Money Bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha. Lok Sabha can vote a government out of power by introducing and passing a motion of No-Confidence by majority. These powers are enjoyed solely by the Lok Sabha and not the Rajya Sabha, while the process of Ordinary bills and impeachment include both Houses of the Parliament.
12 February 2023, The Economic Times reported:
More than 97.64 lakh cases settled in the first National Lok Adalat of 2023: NALSA.
Which advantage of the Lok Adalat is MOST highlighted in the above headline?
Speedy justice.
Reason — Lok Adalats have no complex procedures and delivers quick justice to people by mutual compromise and understanding. Any person can move Lok Adalat by an application on a plain paper or using the format available with Legal Service Authorities.
Revisory
Reason — Revisory Jurisdiction means that the High Court can call for the record of a case which has been decided by a subordinate court. If the High Court feels there has been blatant injustice in a case solved by the lower court, the High Court can review the case and take appropriate action on it.
In 1853, the British East India Company did not acknowledge the succession of Anand Rao, the son of Rani of Jhansi, as a lawful heir to the throne. How did the British justify this decision?
He was not a natural male heir to the throne.
Reason — The British used to annex kingdoms by their policy of Doctrine of Lapse. According to this Doctrine, if an Indian ruler died without a male heir, his kingdom would 'lapse', that is, it would come under the Company's territory in India. As Anand Rao was the adopted son of Rani of Jhansi, he was not allowed to sit on the throne of Jhansi.
Replace the underlined phrase with the correct option:
The objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement was to demobilise public opinion all over the country.
to attain self-governance
Reason — The objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement was to attain self-governance.
Lord Lytton.
Reason — The British Governor General who passed a similar law in India in 1878 was Lord Lytton. He enacted the Indian Arms Act of 1878, which prohibited Indians from carrying arms without a license.
Read the two statements given below about the split in Congress and select the option that shows the correct relationship between (A) and (B).
(A) Leaders with moderate political opinions wanted to insert a Clause in the Congress Constitution that said that Swaraj was to be achieved through constitutional means.
(B) Swadeshi and Boycott were the basic components of methods of struggle of the assertive nationalists that led to the split in the Congress in 1907.
(B) is the reason for (A).
Reason — The Moderates believed in attaining Swaraj through peaceful means, while the Assertive Nationalists believed in action. This led to difference in ideologies leading to Surat Split in 1907. That's why moderates wanted to insert a Clause in the Congress Constitution that said that Swaraj was to be achieved through constitutional means.
Read the two statements given below about the Partition of Bengal and select the option that shows the correct relationship between (A) and (B).
(A) The partition of Bengal "was a mere readjustment of administrative boundaries."
(B) The nationalists believed that the Government did not intend to strike at the roots of Indian nationalism.
(A) is true, but (B) is false.
Reason — The nationalists believed that the British motive behind the partition was to 'Divide and Rule', so that they could weaken Indian nationalism, especially by splitting Hindus and Muslims.
Analysing the picture given below, identify the statement that does NOT align with its content.
The press regularly praised the policies of the British Government in India.
Reason — The Press helped the Indians to spread national sentiment, exchange views, spread awareness and criticism regarding the unjust British policies.
Choose the options that DO NOT apply to the immediate objectives of the Indian National Congress.
P- To prevent national workers from all parts of India from becoming personally known to each other.
Q- To end all racial, religious, and provincial prejudices to promote national unity.
R- To formulate popular demands on vital Indian problems and their presentation before the government.
S- To manipulate the public opinion.
P and S
Reason — The immediate objectives of the Indian National Congress were to promote friendly relations, to develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity, to formulate popular demands and present them before the government, and to organize public opinion.
Assertion (A): Gandhiji called off the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922.
Reason (R): An unruly crowd burnt down a police station at Chauri-Chaura in 1922.
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation — Gandhiji believed in in 'Ahimsa' or Non-violence and this violent turn of events went against the principles of 'Satyagraha' (non-violent resistance based on truth). He felt that the people were not yet ready for a non-violent struggle, so he suspended the movement to prevent further violence.
salt monopoly exercised by the British Government.
Reason — The Dandi march began on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a village on the Gujarat sea coast to break the salt law. The Dandi March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was a pivotal act of Civil Disobedience Movement.
Quit India Movement
Reason — "We shall either free India or die in the attempt" is a famous statement from Mahatma Gandhi, delivered during the Quit India Movement in 1942. It emphasized the commitment to either achieve complete freedom or sacrifice their lives in the process.
Quit India Resolution
Reason — The Congress Working Committee met at Wardha in July 1942. It adopted the Quit India Resolution. It stated: "British rule in India must end immediately."
iv,iii,i,ii
Reason —
Congress Presidentship (1938–1939)
Formation of Forward Bloc (1939)
Supreme Commander of INA (1943)
Provisional Government of Free India (1943)
Which of these statements regarding the status of Princely States are INCORRECT with reference to the Mountbatten Plan?
A plebiscite will be held for all states.
Reason — According to Mountbatten Plan, all existing treaties with the princely states would come to an end, they would be free to associate themselves with either of the Dominions or to remain independent. A plebiscite for the states was not required as decision regarding whether a state would join India, Pakistan, or remain independent was taken by the ruler of that respective state only.
Appointing the Prime Minister
Reason — The President makes appointment to key posts to run the government's administration. He/She appoints the Prime Minister — usually the leader of the majority party to form the government.
Assertion (A): The President uses his discretionary judgment to appoint the Prime Minister when no party has a clear majority in the Parliament.
Reason (R): The President cannot appoint a new Prime Minister on the advice of the outgoing Prime Minister, who may have lost the election or the support of the House.
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation — The President uses his discretionary judgment to appoint the Prime Minister when no party has a clear majority in the Parliament. The President's discretion arises from the hung Parliament, not from the inability of the outgoing Prime Minister to advice.
Mr. Patil was not found eligible for the election as the Vice-President of India even though he had the qualifications of being a citizen of India and not being a member of the Parliament and State Legislature. On what ground was he disqualified?
For holding any office of profit under the Centre or the State government.
Reason — A person shall not be eligible for election as Vice-President if he/she holds any office of profit under the Government of India or Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments.
Your uncle is a renowned scientist. He has neither contested nor won any election to the Rajya Sabha. But he has recently become a member of the Rajya Sabha and has been appointed as a minister. How is this possible?
He was nominated by the President.
Reason — The President of India can nominate 12 people to the Rajya Sabha who have special knowledge or practical experience in matters such as literature, science, art, and social service.
In August 2002, President Dr. Abdul Kalam sought the help of the Supreme Court in connection with the controversy between the Election Commission and the Government on elections in Gujarat.
The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court applicable in the above-mentioned situation is ...............
Advisory
Reason — The President is empowered to seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court if he or she feels that the question is of public importance. Such opinion of the Supreme Court is advisory and not binding on the Government nor is it executable as a judgment of the Supreme Court.
Winter Session
Reason — Normally there are three sessions of Parliament in a year — the Budget session (February-May), the Monsoon session (July-August) and the Winter session (November-December).
Central Powers – Germany, Austria, Italy
Reason — Germany, Austria and their allies were called the Central Powers. Italy was NOT a part of the Central powers.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the President & Vice President of the International Court of Justice?
They are both nominated by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.
Reason — The United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council only elect the 15 judges of International Court of Justice. However, the President and the Vice-President are elected internally by the 15 Court judges themselves.
Disarm, decolonise and develop.
Reason — Disarmament refers to addressing global arms reduction, Decolonisation refers to supporting former colonies to gain independence, and Development refers to economic, social and sustainable development goals. While the other three are original goals of UNO, 'Disarm, decolonise and develop' were added later due to post-colonial and cold war period.
Why did Britain and France follow the policy of appeasement towards Japan in the period before the outbreak of WWII?
Japan could be used to weaken China.
Reason — Britain and France follow the policy of appeasement towards Japan because they thought that Japan could be used to weaken China.
Which of the following statements about the Cold War is incorrect?
The US and USSR were engaged in direct wars.
Reason — USA and USSR did not engage in an actual fight against each other, they continued to maintain diplomatic relations, but treated each other with hostility.
Non-Aligned movement
Reason — The given image depicts Jawaharlal Nehru reaching for 'Neutrality', while being tempted by aid from both the power blocs — USA and USSR. This reflects the core idea of NAM, i.e. staying neutral and independent from both power blocs and actively participating in world affairs to promote international peace, harmony and cooperation.
