Map Reading and Interpretation

(a) Dry river bed → 6

(b) Saddle → 8

(c) Steep slope → 4

(d) Pass → 1

(e) Gap → 3

(f) Gully → 5

(g) Knoll → 7

(h) Hill → 2

(a) Presence of tanks and canals indicates that the land is used for agriculture.

(b) Presence of open scrub indicates that the land is used for sheep and goat rearing.

(c) Presence of stony waste indicates that the land is uncultivable.

(d) Presence of causeway indicates a dry river and desert regions which receive only seasonal rainfall.

The thickly settled areas located over fertile plains and on wide river valleys.

A dendritic drainage pattern indicates that the land has soft surface rock material suitable for agriculture.

Climate of a place can be inferred from the latitudinal extent of the area covered by the toposheet and the type of vegetation found there. For example, the climate of a place 10° N latitude will be warmer than the place at 35° N latitude.

Vegetation type also gives an indication of the climate of a place. For example, rain forests are found in the heavy rainfall areas, where the temperature is between 25°C and the average humidity exceeds 77%. Similarly, the presence of scanty growth of cactus, thorny bushes and grass suggest arid and semi-arid climate.

The factors that affect settlements in an area are as follows-

Physical factors:

1. Body of water (transportation routes, water for drinking and farming)
2. Flat land (easy to build)
3. Fertile soil (for crops)
4. Forests (timber and housing)influence the settlements in an area

Human factors:

1. People who share a common language, religion or culture
2. Social network or supports
3. Quality of life
4. Employment